Win-Win Situation :: essays research papers

Searching FOR A WIN-WIN SITUATION This previous end of the week points the biggest agreement marking in Major League Baseball history. On the twelfth of February 2000, Ken Griffey Jr. (in the past of the Seattle Mariners), marked a nine-year $116.5 million agreement with his old neighborhood Cincinnati Reds. The city’s fans were euphoric to bring Griffey back, and considering he turned down an eight-year $148 million arrangement to re-sign with Seattle, they feel that the obtaining was a genuine deal. It truly is astounding when a man can make $12.94 million per year, just for playing the sport of baseball and tons of individuals are considering it a deal. Compensations in sports are unimaginably touchy and questionable issues. There are many lifelong fans that accept prominent competitors merit every single penny their agreement gives them, anyway a great many people accept else; I am one of them. What precisely is it that competitors do that makes them meriting such significant compensations? The main proble m close by here, is that the more cash competitors are making, the more fans will need to pay to see them face to face. Is there actually a success win circumstance here? As performers, competitors are paid for fan fulfillment. The more fans that need to see a competitor play out, the more the competitor is paid. Truth be told, most competitors, even the individuals who make a great many dollars for each flubbed fly ball, dropped pass, and missed free toss, feel they presumably merit significantly more significant compensations; the explanation being that they’re still popular. While certain competitors may failing to bring a title ring to their group, or in any event, bring home a triumphant season, those competitors will consistently pack the stands. Fans in the stands convert into ticket deals. Ticket deals can possibly prompt national transmissions. Unavoidably, the equation of ticket deals in addition to national transmissions prompts huge income, and this is the means by which proprietors and associations can bear to pay players like Michael Jordan $25 Million for his resigning season alone. Be that as it may, how does society (all in all ) advantage from these over-expanded compensations? To put it plainly, it doesn’t. It is a sensitive and befuddling circumstance. In the event that the fans will pay for everything from the caps to the T-shirts, to the passes to the wieners, the groups will create more cash. Nonetheless, if that occurs, come contract time competitors will interest for more cash. On the off chance that the competitor requests more cash, the expense of tickets and memorabilia will go up.

Persecution of Women in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mistreatment of Women in the Middle East - Essay Example Numerous Christian ladies live in confined nations where Christianity isn't endured - more than 200 million Christians in 80 nations overall are aggrieved due to their confidence. Ladies of the Way is a program of Open Doors assembling ladies to turn out to be deliberately engaged with fortifying mistreated Christians and attempts to teach and clergyman to these ladies, whose social circumstances frequently disallow them from accepting Christian materials or standing up uninhibitedly about their confidence. (Persecuted Women) Women are as yet considered the more fragile sex in the Middle East and they are abused day in, day out. Ladies are fundamentally persecuted due to their confidence in Christianity. Numerous Christian ladies have needed to tolerate the brunt of this and many keep on confronting the outcomes of their strict convictions. It is extremely tragic that these ladies would not benefit from outside intervention; ample opportunity has already past to put these ladies out of their wretchedness. They surrender to sadness when they are segregated or aggrieved. Some of them are even executed in view of their confidence in Christianity, this is inadmissible and something must be done about this in the near future. Islam is misjudged by the Muslims and they will in general rebuff the ladies, they wind up banishing these poor ladies. They cause torment upon them and they neglect to understand the genuine estimations of Islam. Strict conviction is the most significant explanation in view of which the ladies in the Middle East are oppressed. ... This has been an exceptionally famous practice in the Middle East; ladies must be ensured no matter what and they should be given much preferable treatment over what they are getting. Under the Islamic Republic of Iran, segregation and division based on religion and sexual orientation have been standardized in the constitution, government arrangements, and state philosophy. The framework unequivocally favors men over ladies, Muslims over non-Muslims, and Shiite Muslims over other Muslim sects.The constitution and the Shari'a-based punitive and common codes, particularly those areas relating to family and individual status, legitimize the subjection of ladies, regarding them as peons with inconsistent rights. Ladies' privileges activists have propelled broadly promoted equivalent rights battles that have been effective inside the parameters set up by the religious government. Be that as it may, the general lawful system stays oppressive, with the state's religious underpinnings reliab ly invalidating its dynamic and majority rule components. (Access to Justice) Islam limits ladies from wearing uncovering garments and any lady discovered wearing uncovering garments is frequently abused. These draconian laws are just for ladies, no such laws exist for men in the Middle East. Ladies are focused for the sake of Islam; Islam never underpins mistreatment of ladies. Individuals have begun inferring fulfillment by dispensing torment upon other people. This act of oppression goes to mirror the torment dispensing propensities set up; ladies get abused for the sake of Islam. They can't go out nor would they be able to go to a school. They stay uneducated and powerless, this is a technique for misusing them and this is likewise a

Obesity in Black American Women Essay Example for Free

Heftiness in Black American Women Essay Culture, Biology and Lifestyle Cause Forty Nine Percent of Black American Women to be Obese Abstract. Stoutness is a central point in wellbeing today. Certain ethnic gatherings and sexes experience the ill effects of weight more than others. Around 49% of all Black American ladies are grouped corpulent today. There are numerous purposes behind this. Be that as it may, the three the Black American ladies are powerless to are culture, way of life and science. Forty nine percent of Black American ladies are stout. This is an over portrayal contrasted with 38% of Latina ladies and 33% of non-Hispanic white ladies. (Phelan, Johnson, Wesley). Numerous elements decide a person’s weight and wellbeing status. Financial aspects, way of life, diet, culture, science and society all influence a person’s body size and organization. Culture, science and way of life have the biggest effect on why Black American ladies are fat. Wellbeing, monetary and cultural ramifications of corpulence are overpowering and influence each individual in this nation. The clinical network characterizes stoutness as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more prominent. BMI is basically an examination of weight to tallness. The real equation is weight in kilograms partitioned by tallness in meters squared. A BMI of more prominent than 25 however under 30 is viewed as overweight and a BMI of more noteworthy than 40 is considered gargantuan. BMI is a correlation of weight to tallness, not fat to stature. BMI is a helpful apparatus for the vast majority of the populace, however doesn't function admirably for vigorously built individuals, for example, jocks. Fat is harming to wellbeing. Muscle isn't. Everybody realizes that weight causes diabetes and heart issues. However, corpulence is substantially more extreme than that. Corpulence messes wellbeing up that many discover educational. Weight causes solidifying of the supply routes, expanded cholesterol and heart disappointment. Notwithstanding harming the heart and veins weight causes malignant growth. 20% of all malignant growth related passings in ladies are ascribed to heftiness (Dixon). 50% of all Type II diabetes patients are stout. (Dixon). Corpulence is related with expanded danger of metabolic disorder and greasy liver malady (Kogiso, Moriyoshi and Nagahara). Weight causes a lot more not all that notable, yet at the same time very concerning medical problems. Thirty one percent of all joint pain patients are hefty. (Dixon). Sixty three percent of ladies who experience the ill effects of osteoarthritis are fat (Dixon). Fat ladies show a 37% expanded danger of melancholy (Stunkard). Heftiness can cause barrenness and pregnancy complexities (Phelan, Edelman). It even can lessen the adequacy of anti-conception medication. Large individuals are multiple times progressively well-suited to experience the ill effects of rest apnea (Visscher, Seidell). What's more, for the genuine stunner, 300,000 passings for each year in the United States alone are credited to heftiness! Heftiness is just second to smoking in preventable passings every year in the US. (Visscher, Seidell). The reasons about portion of every single Black lady in the US are large are perplexing and many. We can point our finger at financial aspects, way of life, society, science, diet, culture. Culture, way of life and science are the essential reasons 49% of Black ladies in the US are hefty. Studies have indicated that culture can profoundly affect body size. A few examinations have discovered that the Black American populace has an inclination for bigger body size (Johnson). Portia Johnson, in her article, Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity in Black American Women, references a recent report that shows that African American men lean toward African American ladies with a bigger body size. A similar creator likewise refers to a recent report that shows that African American ladies â€Å"describe a model of wellbeing that addresses the Black womens social conviction that a bigger body size is ideal† (Johnson). African ladies likewise have an inclination for bigger bodies. A recent report on ethnic Zulus, Zulu transients to London, and Anglo Londoners show an inclination for bigger body size by the Zulu vagrants and the ethnic Zulus (Brewis 88). Every member in were indicated dark scale pictures of ladies of known BMI. The members were approached to pick which picture spoke to the most sound and alluring body. The Anglo Londoners picked a BMI size of 20, the ethnic Zulus picked BMI 26 and the transient Zulus picked a BMI of 24. Dr. James Kirby and associates made the intriguing disclosure that basically living in a network with 25% or more non-Hispanic blacks builds ones affinity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Thus Dr. Kirby found that living in a network of 25% or more Asians diminishes a person’s penchant of being overweight (Kirby et al). Kirby gathers this is because of the accessibility of sound food, parks, walkways and diversion offices in every network. Kirby found that a transcendence of dark Americans live in networks with less recreational offices, rec centers, parks and less decisions of sound food than different ethnicities. A similar report likewise discovered all the more drive-through eateries and accommodation food stores in predominately dark and Hispanic American people group. Maybe the most persuading proof is in the expressions of African American ladies. In her article ‘Voices from the Inside: African American Womens Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles’ Jill Rowe talked with African American ladies on solid ways of life and food decisions. One lady clarifies eating in African American culture as: It’s practically like each individual in my family has something they cook genuine great and I don’t need to offend . At the point when you go to your mama’s house, I’ve constantly gone to the fridge. That’s how African Americans show their adoration. From the birthday celebrations, to when you have organization. My family, when we’re cheerful we eat. When we’re tragic, we eat. We eat when we’re wedded, we eat when we’re conceived, we eat when we bite the dust. It’s consistently, who’s bringing the singed chicken and pound cake. (Rowe) Culture can altogether influence a person’s weight. In any case, we ought to likewise know that science can influence weight as well. Specialists have discovered that Black American ladies have a lower Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR). RMR is the rate at which vitality (calories) are processed to keep organs working very still. Dark American ladies have a lower RMR than white or Hispanic ladies. This implies they consume less calories for the duration of the day and capacity more productively than white Americans making it harder to get in shape (Johnson). A recent report found that the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of dark American ladies was lower than for Caucasian American ladies. The specialists estimated the REE of every member and found that the Black ladies had a REE of 1790 calories for every day very still, while the Caucasian ladies had a REE of 1949 calories for every day very still. All things considered, 250 a larger number of calories every day very still than Black American ladies do. This makes it harder for dark ladies to get more fit (Johnson). Scientists have additionally found that Black Americans have an over articulation of unsaturated fat vehicle protein. This implies increasingly fat is conveyed to fat stockpiling cells making it simpler for Black Americans to store fat than white Americans (Barakat). Analysts have estimated and discovered progressively chest area fat in Black Women contrasted with white ladies. A bigger beneath the skin level (subcutaneous) fat level was found in Black Women when contrasted with white American ladies (Conway). Diet and exercise are a piece of a persons’ way of life and both significantly affect weight and wellbeing. A few investigations have demonstrated that Black Americans eat increasingly improved nourishments when contrasted with European Americans. Portia Johnson and associates refer to a recent report on inclination for sweet food among African Americans and European Americans. The examination offered trials to every ethnic gathering and contrasted how each gathering reacted with desserts. The specialists found that Black Americans ate a greater amount of the improved nourishments offered at different interims during a trial (Johnson). They presume that African Americans could be utilizing an improved food to make up for more noteworthy saw pressure causing more prominent weight addition and corpulence. Angelia Paschal and partners inspected the aftereffects of an examination on self-detailed eating routine and exercise propensities for African American people. They found that 55-75% of the ladies in their investigation once in a while work out. They likewise found that 76% of all members didn't eat the base day by day necessities for products of the soil than half met the base prerequisites for vegetables. As anyone might expect this investigation reports that 62% of members were determined to have hypertension and 14% were determined to have raised glucose levels as well as diabetes (Paschal et al). An investigation that contrasted wellness of Latina American ladies with Black American ladies discovered comparative outcomes. â€Å"More than one-portion of the ladies revealed participating in no customary physical action. Be that as it may, the considerable fluctuation in the quantity of minutes practiced every week focuses to the need to research strategies to upgrade the term of physical movement. † (Sanchez-Johnsen et al). Beginning, a congregation based wellbeing and work out regime focused on Black Americans, found that huge numbers of the members didn't correspond corpulence with unexpected weakness. The members in Genesis finished a self-detailed overview where just 16% demonstrated they were stout, yet when clinically estimated 87% were seen as overweight or large. This demonstrates members neglected to interface overabundance weight with clinical hazard, perhaps because of social molding, individual forswearing or not partner body weight with wellbeing hazard (Cowart et al). It isn't all unhappiness and fate for ladies of shading in the US. Culture, science and way of life are everything that can be changed or if nothing else worked with to get more fit and increase wellness. There are a few projects in this nation focused on in general f

Transgenerational Redemption in The Winters Tale - Literature Essay Samples

Shakespearean romances are characterized by conclusions in which all conflicts are happily resolved. It is easy to see these resolutions as humorous but unlikely contrivances which the author invents to neatly tie together loose ends. There is sometimes, though, a deeper structure of conflict and resolution than may at first be obvious; such is the case in The Winters Tale. The central conflict in The Winters Tale is the violation of Nature on the part of the patriarch of the old generation, Leontes. Nature in The Winters Tale is best understood as the ordered character of the universe. This is expressed in a three-tiered, hierarchically ordered structure with the divine at the apex, the monarch next, and the common man at the base. Nature is essentially static in a vertical direction, that is, an individual cannot rightly move from a lower level to a higher or vice-versa. Nonetheless, Nature does require a horizontal mobility demonstrated through the continuance of time. A v iolation of either vertical stability or horizontal perpetuation affronts Nature and will be punished. While Leontes first violation is vertical in nature, it is his horizontal violation which is the greater problem. Leontes, consumed by pride, dismisses the voice of the oracle when it challenges his conception of truth. He indignantly declares, There is no truth at all ith oracleŠ.This is mere falsehood (III.ii.138). This declaration marks a vertical infraction against Nature. Leontes, as monarch, ignores the voice of heaven and Apollo strikes down his son in response. This loss of a son and heir is Leontes more important transgression, the violation of the horizontal continuity of nature. The monarch, the second level of ordered nature, cannot continue forward in time. This is the essence of Leontes tragedy.Redemption from this tragedy can only occur through the stabilization of the natural order. The vertical transgression against the divine requires only recognition of the transgression for it to be overcome. In The Winters Tale this recognition comes directly after the death of Mammilius. Leontes says, Apollo, pardon my great profaneness ÂÅ'gainst thine oracle (III.ii.152). With these words and his proposed visitation to the graves of his family, Leontes has done what he can to personally reconcile himself with the god. He has not, however, been redeemed from his second, more profound, transgression, his lack of children. This infraction is not personal; it can only be overcome by reinitiating the halted horizontal movement. In other words, it can only be accomplished through another person, an heir to Leontes throne. Only a second, new generation can resolve this problem, redeem Leontes, and set the natural order aright.There is much evidence for such a transgenerational redemption in The Winters Tale. The structure of the play demonstrates this clearly. The play is organized into two distinct sections based upon scene and theme. Si cilia, the locale for the first three acts, is a land dominated by court life, the self-constructed realm of man as demonstrated by the consistent location of each scene (The Palace of Leontes). The emphasis here is decidedly on man and his action; the external world is summarily ignored. This is the home of the old generation and is appropriately the land of the manmade tragedy. Bohemia, the scene in act four, on the other hand, is a land of resplendent abundance and fertility, populated by shepherds and other rustic folk. The court is shown only once. Moreover, Bohemia is associated with the new generation‹sixteen years have passed when the play first shifts to Bohemia. Tragedy is the legacy of the sterile land of the old generation, Sicilia, whereas the next generation is bred in Bohemia. The move to Bohemia places the emphasis on the new and leads ineluctably to the plays happy conclusion.Further evidence of the importance of the second generation is found in the promi nence of the children of the two estranged rulers in the final resolution of the play. It is not until Perdita returns to Sicilia that the play can successfully end. The two lovers flee to Sicilia, the site of the original transgression, from an inhospitable Bohemia where their relationship is opposed, as it must be, by th power of the King (IV.iv.37). The fifth and final act takes place in the same, stained land as Leontes initial sin. The new generation reunites with the old in order to stabilize the twisted axes of the natural order.The decisive acts of the second generation are not, however, made independently. The servants of the old generation, Antigonus and Camillo, serve as intermediaries between the old and the new. Antigonus, charged by Leontes to abandon the infant Perdita, leaves a scroll indicating her royal heritage along with a chest of jewels, clearly intending for the child to be rescued. As he says, There these, which may, if fortune please, both breed thee, pretty, and still rest thine (III.iii.47-49). Antigonus refuses the extreme imperatives of his enraged sovereign and thereby ensures the survival of the next generation without which there could be no redemption. Camillo also plays a vital role in facilitating the old generations redemption by the new. Early in the play Camillo recognizes the absurdity of Leontes action and flees to Bohemia with Polixenes rather than remain subject to the irrational mandates of his king. In addition to this, it is Camillo who convinces Florizel and Perdita to flee Bohemia when Polixenes denies their betrothal. Antigonus ensures the life of the second generation while Camillo reunites it with its predecessor.Besides the evidence offered by the larger plot, the words of the characters also demonstrate the second generations role in reinstating the natural order. At the beginning of Act 5, Leontes, Clomenes, Dion, and Paulina speak to each other about the monarchs condition sixteen years after h is original transgression. Cleomenes begins the act by saying, Sir, you have done enough No fault could you make which you have not redeemed (V.i.2-3). Leontes, however, still suffers. He replies to Cleomenes, I cannot forget my blemishes and so still think of the wrongs I did myself (V.i.8). His penance has absolved him from his vertical infraction against the god, but this is obviously not enough. Dion later refers to the dangers, by his highness fail of issue, [that] may drop upon his kingdom (V.i.27-28). Paulina characterizes the situation best in referring to the tenor of the oracle. She says, King Leontes will not have an heir till his lost child be found (V.i.37-40). This preoccupation with Leontes lack of issue provides the response to Clomenes original concern. Leontes has done enough for his personal redemption, but the situation cannot be fully righted until the future of the monarchy, it horizontal perpetuation, is assured through an heir.In the next scene thr ee gentlemen discuss the reunion of Leontes with Polixenes and his daughter. The second gentleman declares that the oracle is fulfilled. The kings daughter is found (V.ii.21). The monarchy has been saved and the natural order is thus restored. Leontes response to this discovery indicates a clear change of mood. According to the third gentleman, our king [was] ready to leap out of himself for joy of his found daughter (V.ii.44). The dramatic shift in Leontes character testifies to the profundity of this event in redeeming both the king and Nature.The above demonstrates that the tragic first generation is redeemed by a second generation, stabilizing the natural order which their parents contravened. A close examination of the natural model of the play and the transgenerational redemption yields interesting and important observations as to the philosophical underpinnings of Shakespeares drama. The kind of regeneration/renewal schema invoked by the play is largely naturalistic and deterministic. The new generation does not actively seek to reconcile the problems of their fathers generation. This is underscored by the fact that the children do not know their true identity and, hence, do not understand the problems of the old generation which they must address. They fulfill their objective function, renewing the natural order, simply by satisfying their subjective, personal egos; by turning to their individual concerns, love in this case, the new generation unwittingly acts to ameliorate the tragedies and conflicts of the past. What is at stake in this play is not so much a reconciliation of man by man‹Leontes redemption from the vertical transgression‹but a reconciliation of Nature by Nature itself with man as an agent of natural will. Man ignores Nature, contradicts the directionality of its model, and then Nature asserts itself by ensuring that the next generation will rectify the mistakes of their predecessors. What I am here proposing is t hat Shakespeare injects a distinctively religious world view into his drama. Nature, the divinely ordained order of the cosmos, remains supreme over the individual agency of man. Providential will is independent and above mans will. Disrupt the natural order, and Nature will utilize people, usually those with some relation to the offender, in correcting itself. This is the world view implicit in The Winters Tale.

Analysis Of Nicolas Belmont s The Prince - 1132 Words

Nicolas Belmont Those two words mean a lot in this school. Why? Because Nicolas Belmont is Prince Charming, with good looks, intelligence and charm. What girl wouldn t want him? At Elyria Academy, there s a group of powerful boys and they call themselves The Elite Quartet. It consists of four boys Nicolas the Prince, Jonathan the Powerful one, Austin the Talented one and Liam who s just part of a powerful family. Although I consider Liam s sister to be the powerful one out of the two at least that s what I heard. Unlike Nicolas, I am seen as a bad girl all because I like wearing leather jackets and dark colours. Oh, and I may have a little bit of an attitude towards things and to be specific, people. I may seem like a cold†¦show more content†¦There are five classes in our Social Hierarchy: The highest class, Management Succession Group. In other words, sons and daughters of the conglomerate families. The businessmen and businesswomen of the future. The families you see on the front cover of Forbes Magazine. The second class, Stock Shares Inheritance Group. They will not participate in management, but they are already major shareholders. The third class, Honour Inheritance Group. Ministers, politicians, the chief justice, presidents of law firms. Children of honourable occupations The fourth class, Talent. Full of talented students from singers, dancers, models, artists etc. They only have talent to work with and if they re lucky enough their name might already be built in the city lights. The last class, Social Care Group. It refers to students who got in the school through social care or on a scholarship. They re considered the untouchable peasants. Isabella is the daughter of Natalie Collins a famous Ballerina which brings her into the fourth category, Talent. Which isn t that bad for her because she comes from a well-known family. She s already built a name for herself. Unlike her, however, I am even lower down. The last class, Social Care Group except I didn t get in the school through social care I got in on a scholarship. Which is even worse. I am lucky I

The Tragedy of Date Rape - 988 Words

Exemplary Essay - The Tragedy of Date Rape In the fall of 1995, Kristin Cooper was a sophomore at Baker University in Kansas. She was a member of Alpha Chi Omega, an expert skier from the mountains of Colorado, a swimmer, and was active in band, choir and drama. On the night of New Years Eve of that same year, her mother Andrea Cooper came home to find Kristina dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head on the family room floor. Cooper shared the story of her daughters last months through an essay titled Kristins Story. The essay includes poetry, letters and descriptions from the personal journal found next to Kristins body on the night of her death. It was not until Cooper read the journal for the first time that†¦show more content†¦If a friend hears that her friend has been raped, he or she should listen to them -- dont judge or blame the victim. Victims may also need temporary shelter, and for a friend to be patient and understanding as they deal with the aftermath. According to the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network (RAINN), only four out of ten of all estimated rapes and sexual assaults in 2001 were reported to the police. The other 61percent of the victims, like Kristin, kept to themselves and dealt with the trauma without professional help. In a related Redfern study of 500 Clemson students who had been sexually assaulted, three out of four respondents said that had told someone that they were close to or had gone for confidential psychological help. However, in 2003, only one sexual assault was reported to the police, a fact that Sparks believes is due to a fear of coming forward about the attack. Were trying to get the word out that its okay to tell, she said. Psychologists are on hand at Redfern to listen to rape victims without judging or blaming, to give comfort, and to look for signs of post-rape trauma. Without proper training, Cooper wasnt able to spot these signs in her daughter. I was not able to help Kristin, but I hope that by being here, I have helped a man or a woman in the audience, she said. Cooper added that female date rape is not the only type of sexual assault threatens the population. Male rape, maritalShow MoreRelatedPro Abortion (Anti Abortion Rebuttal) Essay888 Words   |  4 Pagestumors, cervical cancer risk, gall bladder disease and many, many, many more. In some cases women who abort pregnancies do it because at that specific moment in their life they are just not ready for a baby but look forward to having one at a later date in their life. Surgery for one is costly and secondly and most importantly once a sterilization of a female is complete it is highly unlikely for this process to be reversed. 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Leonardo Da Vinci Drawings on Exhibition Essay Example For Students

Leonardo Da Vinci Drawings on Exhibition Essay In Gallery 25 the Venetian and Bolognese drawings have been replaced by otherdrawings from the Museum collection. The present exhibition is chosen from thechools of Parma, Milan, and Genoa, and one wall is given over to the school ofRaphael. Among these is the back of a nude man by Raphael himself, made durng his stay in Florence, one of the drawings given by Cephas G. Thompson in 1887.In the Genoese group the series of twelve brilliant drawings by Luca Cambiaso is worthy of comment, as are many others of the exhibit; but the chief interest will befound in the two sheets of drawings by Leonardo da Vinci which were purchased in917 and are now shown for the first time. In all probability these have alwaysbeen attributed to this master, but they were unknown to any of the prominent thorities and consequently do not occur in any of the lists. Since 18o01 theirhistory is traceable. On the folder in which they were kept up to the time ofheir mounting for exhibition is an inscrip- tion in F rench stating that they weregiven to J. Allen Smith by J. G. Legrand, May, 18o0. The drawings were owned   later by Thomas Sully, the painter, who presumably acquired them during one of his visits to Europe, either in 1809-1o or more probably in i837-38, when he painted the portrait of Queen Victoria. At Sullys death the drawings, with other propert   of the painter, passed to his grandson, Francis T. S. Darley, 1 who in his turn bequeathed the Leonardos to Thomas Nash, from whom the Museum acquired them. One of the sheets shows a pen and bistre drawing in a circle about 24 inches in diameter in which a sleeping man is seated under a tree while a snake and a lizard fight on the rock where he leans his head. It is an illustration for a bestiary, expound ing points of natural history or moral precepts, on which Leonardo was engaged the subject of many manuscript pages preserved in the library of the Institute of France. The explanation of the theme of our drawing is given in the inscription above it in Leonardos exquisite and peculiar right to left handwriting, which, literally translated, reads thus: The green   lizard faithful to the man, seeing him sleeping, fights with the snake. He sees that he can not conquer, runs over the face of the man and wakes him, so that the snake shall not harm the sleeping man. A companion work to ours, in the Bonnat Collection at Bayonne, is reproduced in Berensons Florentine Drawings, vol. 2, page 86. It is also a drawing in a circle of about the same size and is in a similar style. On the reverse of this sheet are some scratchy pen sketches for the setting of a masque or play, also notes and memoranda. There is an indication of a barrel-vaulted room with niches on the side walls, one marked with the word annunZiatori, announcers, and at the end a seated figure in a mandorla from which flames radiate. The signification of another sketch to the right is not apparent. Above are some figures and writing. The writing gives a list of characters in a play founded on the story of Danae, and the actors who were to take the parts. The whole inscription as far as it has been deciphered is as follows: Acrisio (Acrisius the father of Danae), Giovanni Cristofano; (the next name undeciphered, then) Danae, Francesco Romano; Mercury, Gianbattista -; Jove, Giovanni Francesco; Servant; Announcers of the Festival: those marvel at the new star and kneel down and these adore and kneel down and with music they finish the festival. .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .postImageUrl , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:hover , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:visited , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:active { border:0!important; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:active , .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504 .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3e120542f572d3e0b49db6437700504:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leonardo Da Vinci as one of the greatest and most ingenious men that history has produced EssayThe other sheet, 72 inches by 6- inches, is much more important. On it are drawings in pen and bistre of the Madonna adoring the Child, conceived more or less in the spirit of the traditional Florentinetreatment of the subject inherited from Fra Filippo Lippi. But in the sketcheshe old theme is humanized and at the same time glorified. In the writersopinion, they mark the stage when the recognized rendering of the subject was being transformed in Leonardos mind into the epoch-making composition of the Virgin of the Rocks. The drawings are still far from the profound sentiment and full expression of thepainting. The group in the center approaches its general aspect more nearlyhan the others, but in it the theme is still the usual one-the invention of the Madonnas posture, the one hand on Saint Johns shoulder and the other in the grand sture of consecration over the Christ Child, has not yet occurred to him, thoughthe germ idea appears in the two outstretched arms. The divinity and revernce of the children are but half suggested in the drawing. In the arrangement ofthe Madonnas mantle pulled out over the right arm the drawing is like the picre; the definite indications of the folds suggest that the artist had arranged thedrapery on a maquette or mannikin. The lower sketch, where the same pose andolds are shown from another viewpoint, bears out this idea. This lower drawing,in a space with an arched top, shows only the tiny Christ Child lying on the ground, d there is a background-a corner of a ruined ro om with a view of mountains seenthrough an arch. The other two drawings show different poses of the kneeling Virgin;n each only the Christ Child is shown with her; one has a suggestion of a pent-roofedshed in silver point for background. There are also two studies of babies in silver point lightly reinforced by pen and bistre. Leonardo signed the contract in 1483 to paint the center picture of the altarpiecein the Church of San Francesco in Milan for the Confraternita della Concezionehis work was the Virgin of the Rocks. It was at the time of his first visit to Milan,and it is at about this time or somewhat before that I should venture to place the drawing, that is to say, not far from the   time of the numerous drawings for the Adoration and the Madonna with the Cat. The other sheet, the Allegory, would date as well from the first visit to Milan, I believe, if only from the masque memoranda on the reverse, as it is known that much of Leonardos time in the service of Lodovico was spent in arranging such affairs.